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The following paper was written by Michael C. Geoghegan and Paul Pangaro on the occasion of the Conference celebrating the Centenary of the birth of W. Ross Ashby. The paper offers an extension of Ashby's notion of 'requisite variety' to apply to social, language-based systems, maintaining the rigor of Ashby's original argument from Design for a Brain, Chapman and Hall, 1972. The paper includes a review of the limitations of organizational change, three classes of change, and mechanisms for change.
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